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Publication date: 01.07.2022
DOI: 10.51871/2782-6570_2022_01_02_4
UDC 612.816; 796.015
COMPLEX APPLICATION OF MAGNET, HYDRO- AND PRESSOTHERAPY FOR RESTORATION OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF BASEBALL PLAYERS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF INTENSE TRAINING IN THE MIDDLE ALTITUDE
Yu.V. Koryagina, G.N. Ter-Akopov, S.M. Abutalimova, Yu.V. Kushnareva
FSBI "North Caucasian Federal Research-Clinical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency", Essentuki, Russia
Annotation. The purpose of this work was the scientific substantiation of the comprehensive application of magnet, hydro- and pressotherapy to restore the functional state of baseball players under conditions of intense training in the middle altitude. The study involved 22 highly qualified male baseball players. During 14-day training camps in the middle altitude (Kislovodsk, altitude of 1240 m above sea level) in a specialized sports base, athletes had intense training loads (2 times a day), after training, the athletes under-went a set of procedures, including magnet therapy, hydrotherapy and pressotherapy, the course of rehabilitation treatment included 7 of the abovementioned procedures. For scientific substantiation of the complex’s effectiveness, the functional state of the musculoskeletal system was identified using the methods of rheography and electromyography. According to the results of the study, the use of the course of restorative procedures had a positive effect on the functional state of the musculoskeletal system of baseball players during intense training loads in the middle altitude, contributing to the improvement of peripheral hemodynamics of the lower extremities, increasing vascular tone and venous out-flow, to a greater extent in the right leg. We have also noted the prevention of deterioration in the functional state of the neuromuscular system, which occurs under the influence of performing great training loads and insufficient recovery.
Keywords: functional state, athletes, neuromyography, vasography, magnet therapy, hydrotherapy, hardware massage, middle altitude, adaptation.
Introduction. One of the important factors in ensuring the effectiveness of the process of training athletes and their medical and biological support is an effective system of recovery and medical rehabilitation [1-3], which can be provided by the availability of scientifically sound technologies with the use of therapeutic programs using modern means of water and physiotherapy, as well as mechanotherapy.
The musculoskeletal system (MSS) and the neuromuscular system, ensuring the performance of movements, are maximally involved and limit the effectiveness in all sports, the autonomic support of motor actions is carried out by the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. If the systems are overstressed, there may be a failure in the balance between the resources of the functional systems of the body and their adaptive capabilities. "Functional" and later structural changes may appear, which may cause states of fatigue and overtraining, so-called "fatigue" injuries or damage [4-6].
In this connection, it is relevant to develop technologies for the comprehensive application of various physical factors for the recovery and medical rehabilitation of athletes. Particularly the development of recovery programs and rehabilitation of athletes during training in extreme environmental conditions, which are the conditions of the middle altitude of the North Caucasus (Kislovodsk), are relevant.
The purpose of this work was the scientific substantiation of the comprehensive application of magnet, hydro- and pressotherapy to restore the functional state of baseball players in conditions of intensive training in the conditions of the middle altitude.
Methods and organization. The study involved 22 highly qualified male baseball players.
The characteristics of the electroactivity of athletes' muscles at rest were identified using the method of stimulation electromyography (EMG). To register motor responses from the extensor digitorum brevis, innervated by the peroneal nerve, stimulation was performed at the points: "tarsus", "head of the fibula", "popliteal fossa" using a 4-channel hardware and software complex (HSC) "Neuro-MVP" manufactured by "Neurosoft" (Ivanovo). Electrical stimulation was performed with rectangular pulses, the stimulus time was 0.2 ms, the current was selected individually in the range of 15-30 mA.
The study of the blood flow of the lower extremities was carried out on the thigh-shin-foot segment on the "Valenta" rheograph (St. Petersburg).
During the 14-day training camps in the middle altitude (Kislovodsk, altitude of 1240 m above sea level) in the specialized sports base, athletes had intensive training loads (2 times a day). After training, athletes underwent a set of procedures including magnet therapy, hydrotherapy and pressotherapy, the course of rehabilitation treatment included 7 of the abovementioned procedures.
Magnet therapy was performed on a Physiomed Mag-Expert device with coil of 60 cm, the impact area – the knee and ankle joint, the exposure time – 15 minutes, the magnetic flux density is 0.006 T, the frequency is 25 Hz. The course of treatment is 7 procedures per day. For hydrotherapy, the “Beka hospitec” four-chamber jet-contrast bath for hands and feet was used, the procedure time is 10 minutes, the temperature of hot water is 38 oC, cold water – 14 oC, the cycle – 45 s, the flow – 220 l/min, the pressure – 1 atm. The course of treatment is 7 procedures per day. Pressotherapy was performed on a 12-channel BTL-6000 LYMPHASTIM 12 device, Physiological mode (physiological therapy), the procedure area – the lower extremities, the procedure time – 30 minutes, the cuff pressure – 60 mm of Hg.
All athletes gave informed consent to participate in the study in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects (2013), as well as permission to process personal data. The study was approved by the Commission on Bioethics of the FSBI NCFRCC of the FMBA of Russia.
Statistical data processing was performed using the Statistica 13.0 software, differences between groups were identified with the Mann-Whitney nonparametric U-test for independent variables, differences in the dynamics of indicators of the main and control groups at the beginning and end of training camps – with the Wilcoxon nonparametric test for dependent variables.
Results and discussion. A study of the blood flow of the lower extremities in male baseball players revealed that in the main and control groups, hemodynamic indicators at the beginning of the training camp (before the use of the complex of rehabilitation measures) did not differ significantly. After applying the complex of restorative procedures, including magnet, hydro- and pressotherapy, statistically significant changes in rheographic parameters occurred in the athletes of the main group
(fig. 1-4).
In the left foot, the indices of elastic modulus (before – 12.7±2.3%, after – 15.2±3.0%, p<0.03), diastolic index (before – 0.4±0.2, after – 0.5±0.1, p<0.03) and left ventricular filling pressure (before – 20.1±6.5 mm of Hg, after – 24.6±3.6 mm of Hg, p<0.03). In the right foot, the elastic modulus increased (before – 13.3±2.3%, after – 15.8±2.9%, p<0.02), dicrotic index (before – 0.3±0.2, after – 0.5±0.1, p<0.002), diastolic index (before – 0.3±0.1, after – 0.5 ±0.1, p<0.004) and the left ventricular filling pressure (before – 20.0±4.8 mm of Hg, after – 25.3±2.8 mm Hg, p<0.003). In the left lower leg, the rheowave transmission time increased from 0.1±0.0 to 0.2±0.0 s, in the right lower leg, the change in this indicator was less pronounced. There were no statistically significant changes in hemodynamics of the lower extremities in the control group.
Fig. 1. Indicators of rheography of the left foot in male baseball players before and after the course of rehabilitation procedures during intensive training in the middle altitude
Note: RI – rheographic index; Qa (rtt) – rheowave transmission time; alpha (mtsvf) – maximal time of systolic vessel filling; alpha2 (sft) – slow filling time; DCI – dicrotic index; DSI – diastolic index
Fig. 2. Indicators of rheography of the left foot in male baseball players before and after the course of rehabilitation procedures during intensive training in the middle altitude
Note: EM % – elastic modulus; VO – venous outflow; AC – coefficient of asymmetry; LVFP – left ventricular filling pressure
Fig. 3. Indicators of rheography of the right foot in male baseball players before and after a course of rehabilitation procedures during intensive training in the middle altitude
Fig. 4. Indicators of rheography of the right foot in male baseball players before and after the course of rehabilitation procedures during intensive training in the middle altitude
Consequently, the use of a course of restorative procedures had a positive effect on the functional state of the musculoskeletal system of baseball players during intense training loads in the middle altitude, contributing to the improvement of peripheral hemodynamics of the lower extremities, increasing vascular tone and venous outflow, to a greater extent in the right leg.
The study of the functional state of the neuromuscular system according to the stimulation EMG data in athletes of the main and control groups before the use of the complex of restorative procedures did not reveal statistically significant differences. After undergoing a complex of restorative procedures (table), latency decreased in athletes of the main group in the “popliteal fossa” stimulation point and the nerve conduction velocity increased. No statistically significant changes in EMG parameters were detected in the remaining stimulation points.
Table
Indicators of electromyography of the lower extremities in male baseball players before and after the course of rehabilitation procedures during intensive training in the middle altitude
|
Indicators |
Main group |
p |
Control groop |
p |
||
|
Before |
After |
Before |
After |
|||
|
The right head of the fibula |
||||||
|
Velocity, m/s |
51.9±3.1 |
51.5±5.9 |
0.03 |
55.7±3.9 |
49.8±3.1 |
0.03 |
|
Right popliteal fossa |
||||||
|
Latency, ms |
12.3±1.1 |
12.0±0.9 |
0.003 |
11.7±1.2 |
12.0±0.9 |
|
|
Duration, ms |
7.0±0.8 |
7.0±1.1 |
6.4±0.8 |
7.2±0.8 |
0.03 |
|
|
Velocity, m/s |
62.1±7.8 |
69.4±13.3 |
0.08 |
72.5±9.1 |
66.6±14.7 |
|
|
The left head of the fibula |
||||||
|
Duration, ms |
6.6±0.8 |
6.5±0.8 |
6.7±0.9 |
7.1±0.8 |
0.03 |
|
|
Left popliteal fossa |
||||||
|
Duration, ms |
6.5±1.0 |
6.5±1.0 |
6.3±0.7 |
7.1±0.7 |
0,03 |
|
|
Velocity, m/s |
63.1±10.0 |
64.3±12.9 |
68.7±11.4 |
57.3±15.9 |
0.04 |
|
In the control group, apparently, due to heavy training loads and under-recovery, athletes had a deterioration in EMG parameters (table). In the “right head of the fibula” stimulation point, the nerve conduction velocity decreased. In the “right popliteal fossa” and “left and right head of the fibula” stimulation points, the M-response duration increased. In the “left popliteal fossa” stimulation point, the nerve conduction velocity decreased.
Therefore, the application of the developed set of procedures in athletes of the main group contributed to the prevention of deterioration of the indicators of the functional state of the neuromuscular system, which occurs due to the performance of great training loads and insufficient recovery. In the athletes of the control group (who did not receive complex restorative procedures), these negative changes were pronounced.
Conclusion. Thus, in the conducted clinical study, using rheography and electromyography methods, the effectiveness of the complex application of magnet, hydro- and pressotherapy (7 procedures each) for restoring the functional state of baseball players in the conditions of intensive training in the Middle altitude was proved. The use of these procedures contributed to the improvement of hemodynamics of the lower extremities, mainly the leading right leg, as well as the manifestation of a negative fatigue-based decrease in EMG parameters of the speed of muscle conduction, increased latency and duration of the M-response.
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INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHORS:
Yulia Vladislavovna Koryagina – Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Head of the Biomedical Technologies Center, FSBI “North-Caucasian Federal Research-Clinical Center of Federal Medical and Biological Agency”, Essentuki, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..
Gukas Nikolaevich Ter-Akopov – General Director, FSBI “North-Caucasian Federal Research-Clinical Center of Federal Medical and Biological Agency”, Essentuki.
Sabina Malikovna Abutalimova – Researcher of the Biomedical Technologies Center, FSBI “North-Caucasian Federal Research-Clinical Center of Federal Medical and Biological Agency”, Essentuki, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..
Yulia Valerievna Kushnareva – Senior Researcher of the Biomedical Technologies Center, FSBI “North-Caucasian Federal Research-Clinical Center of Federal Medical and Biological Agency”, Essentuki, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..
For citation: Koryagina Yu.V., Ter-Akopov G.N., Abutalimova S.M., Kushnareva Yu.V. Complex application of magnet, hydro- and pressotherapy for restoration of the functional state of baseball players under the conditions of intense training in the middle altitude. Russian Journal of Sports Science: Medicine, Physiology, Training, 2022, vol. 1, no. 2. DOI: 10.51871/2782-6570_2022_01_02_4