Panachev V.D., Zelenin L.A. Human security of students during firearms training

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    Publication date: 01.12.2022
    DOI: 10.51871/2782-6570_2022_01_04_8                 
    UDC 796.819

    HUMAN SECURITY OF STUDENTS DURING FIREARMS TRAINING

    V.D. Panachev, L.A. Zelenin

    Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russia

    Annotation. At the present moment, the mobilized soldiers, being in constant interaction with negative phenomena, are subjected to psychological and physical risks (the danger for life and health). There are cases of deadly danger as well. One of the main causes of death is an insufficient level of firearms training for the upcoming fight, as well as special, professionally applied physical training and low mental stability. Therefore, there is a need to solve a following problem, i.e. a development of more efficient comprehensive methods for improving special physical fitness to perform service and combat tasks and survival in extreme conditions on land and in water, especially in case of combat encounters. In this case, it is impossible to disregard means of physical training and sports, including professionally applied physical and firearms training as well as the experience of Special Forces training.

    Keywords: firearms, physical training and sport, physical security.

    Introduction. Firearms and physical training are the basis of the main training of experts. The need in professional competencies became more urgent during the partial mobilization, when the training process carried on in complicated conditions.

    Methods and organization. The study took place in 2022 and included more than 150 people. The study on stress and hypoxic resistance, dynamics of the respiratory system included 54 test subjects. The testing of the developed method included 50 students of the Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNRPU).

    The research consisted of three stages. The first one included the study on the features of stress resistance, the respiratory system regulation in conditions of stress. We have also concluded the preliminary experiment on the possibility of improving stress and hypoxic resistance with swimming and physical activity on land. At the second stage, we have chosen specific exercises for improving stress resistance with the respiratory system regulation. A test of the developed method for improving firearms, special physical fitness of students to perform complex tasks and survive on land and in water was carried out. The third stage consisted of an analysis of results and description of the data received. We have made corresponding conclusions, formed practical guidelines and prepared the article.

    As a result of the analysis of publications on this topic [1-4], we have also examined innovations and many years of experience of training the PNRPU experts for task clearance in extreme conditions. The features of the firearms training for a specific professional training were revealed. The direction of the developed method, as well as ways to rationalize the improvement of stress resistance with respiratory exercises, special firearms training exercises, the features of teaching pistol shooting techniques and the improvement of body resistance to hypoxia were justified.

    The statistical data processing included the examination of the received data for the distribution normality according to the Kolgomorov-Smirnov test and the data comparison according to the Student’s t-test.

    Results and discussion. An expert with an improved hypoxic resistance during a firearm encounter has following advantages against an enemy: with a sufficient amount of oxygen, their body can change from the aerobic mode into the anaerobic mode (with oxygen shortage, high-intensity carbohydrate burning and worsened body energy distribution) much later than their opponent can. In order to improve the blood respiration function, we tried to stimulate the hemoglobin creation function using game exercises, high-loaded ascends over rough terrain of the PNRPU complex, diving (with the search for objects at the bottom of the pool) and jumping exercises. In whole, it improved the blood function, which is necessary for the student in pursuing an enemy on land and neutralizing them in water. The data from the laboratory and field experiment that describes dynamics of the hemoglobin level are shown in table 1.

    After a month of training, the hemoglobin content in blood has increased in test subjects of the experimental group by 13.1% (from 108.6 to 121.7 g/l) (p<0.01), in the control group – by 1.4% (from 125.3 to 126.7 g/l) (p<0.05). It shows an important role of using hypoxic means of physical culture to stimulate hemoglobin creation. Apart from the efficient improvement of the hemoglobin level, the experimental group also has a significant improvement in the functional state indicators (table 2).

    Table 1

    Changes of hemoglobin in blood

    Indicator

    Group

    Number

    Average value

    Changes

     

    p

    before the experiment

    after

    ±absolute

    ±%

    Hemoglobin, g/l

    (standard: 132.6-144.5)

    E

    115

    109.69

    121.9

    ±17.18

    +12.21

    <0.05

    C

    115

    129.38

    126.38

    ±1.77

    +1.27

    >0.05

    Note: E – experimental group; C – control group

    Table 2

    Dynamics of the functional state indicators in students

    Indicators

     

    Group

     

    Number

    Average value

    Changes

    p

    before

     

    after

     

    ±absolute

    ±%

    LC, ml

    E

    17

    1616

    1676

    +60

    +3.7

    >0.05

    C

    17

    1333

    1360

    +27

    +2.0

    >0.05

    Breath holding, s

    on exhale

    E

    17

    11.53

    16.09

    +4.56

    +39.6

    <0.05

    C

    17

    13.37

    7.57

    -5.80

    -43.4

    <0.05

    on inhale

    E

    17

    23.86

    29.89

    +6.03

    +25.3

    <0.05

    C

    17

    31.90

    29.50

    -2.40

    -7.5

    >0.05

    Tapping test,

    taps/5 s

    E

    17

    25.07

    29.43

    +4.36

    +17.4

    <0.05

    C

    17

    25.67

    25.33

    -0.34

    -1.3

    >0.05

    Note: LC – lung capacity; E – experimental group; C – control group

    In the experimental group, LC has increased from 1310 to 1365 ml (by 3.7%) (p<0.05), in the control group – from 1335 to 1365 ml (by 2.0%) (p<0.05). It shows a tendency for a significant increase of LC in case of applying hypoxic physical activity and an accompanying improvement of the lungs’ functional state. Breath holding on inhale increases from 23.8 to 29.8 s (by 25.5%) (p<0.01) in the experimental group, in the control group – from 31.9 to 39.5 s (by 7.4%) (p<0.05). It demonstrates the fact that hypoxic physical activity effectively increases breath holding on inhale, i.e. hypoxic resistance. Breath holding on exhale has increased from 11.5 to 16.9 s (by 39.4%) (p<0.05) in the experimental group, in the control group – from 13.3 to 17.5 s (by 43.5%) (p<0.05), which also shows improvement of hypoxic resistance of test subjects. The tapping test results have improved from 25.2 to 29.4 taps/ 5 s (by 17.5%) in the experimental group, the control group had the results that decreased from 25.69 to 25.35 taps/ 5 s (by 1.3%) (p>0.05). All these changes show that training for improving stress and hypoxic resistance also positively influence mobility of the nervous system.

    The method of improving firearms and special physical fitness of students included the following (table 3): the main feature of the method is a maximal use the enemy’s energy against themselves. Moreover, the combat techniques were applied not only on land, but also in water and underwater. At the same time, explosive physical abilities and the body's resistance to hypoxia increased to minimize the anaerobic mode in conditions of fighting with an enemy. The interaction with stress resistance in extreme situations was especially improved. The experiment involved fifty 3-year students, who were divided into three groups. The control and experimental groups included 25 test subjects each. The experiment lasted during 2021-2022. The average age of participants – 20.5 years. In both groups, students visited 90-minute applied physical culture classes 2 times a week, according to the curriculum, as well as 90-minute sambo classes 3 times a week.  At the end of the year, we have conducted a control assessment. The control group was training according to the standard method during preparations to the university sambo contest. The experimental group was training according to our developed method of improving stress resistance and physical fitness for performance of service tasks and survival in extreme conditions on land and in water. Both groups were training for the same amount of time during the semester. The evaluation of physical qualities was made at the beginning and at the end of each semester of the academic year in accordance with the curriculum. The more advanced testing was carried out at the beginning and at the end of the semester.

    The results are presented in table 3.

    Table 3

    Efficiency of using the method for improving physical fitness of students

    Indicators

    Average value

    Changes

     

    p

    before

    after

    ±absolute

    ±%

    Average body mass, kg

    C

    70.1

    70.0

    -0.1

    -0.14

    >0.05

    E

    71.8

    70.4

    -1.4

    -2.00

    <0.05

    HR, beats/min

    C

    75.7

    74.2

    -1.5

    -1.9

    <0.05

    E

    73.5

    69.8

    -3.7

    -4.9

    <0.05

    LC, l

    C

    4.3

    4.4

    0.1

    0.43

    <0.05

    E

    4.1

    4.4

    0.3

    7.30

    <0.05

    Breath hold on inhale, s

    C

    52

    61

    9

    17.3

    >0.05

    E

    57

    72

    15

    26.3

    <0.05

    Standing long jump, cm

    C

    216

    222

    6

    2.8

    >0.05

    E

    217

    230

    13

    5.9

    <0.05

    Push-ups for 1 min, number

    C

    29

    30

    1

    3.4

    >0.05

    E

    31

    38

    7

    22.6

    <0.05

    3000m, s

    C

    12.42

    12.40

    8

    1

    >0.05

    E

    12.21

    12.15

    -6

    -1

    >0.05

    10х10m shuttle run, s

    C

    25.8

    25.5

    -0.3

    1.2

    <0.05

    E

    25.5

    25.0

    -0.5

    2.0

    <0.05

    100m run, s

    C

    14.5

    13.9

    -0.6

    4.1

    <0.05

    E

    14.2

    13.0

    -1.2

    8.4

    <0.05

    Pull-ups, number

    C

    13.0

    13.5

    0.5

    3.1

    >0.05

    E

    15.1

    15.7

    0.6

    10.6

    <0.05

    Note: HR – heart rate; LC – lung capacity; E – experimental group; C – control group

    As a result of using the developed method, we have achieved more significant effects in comparison with the generally accepted means in increasing the economization of the cardiovascular system at rest, the capabilities of the respiratory system, stress resistance and hypoxic resistance, speed-strength (explosive strength), specific speed and coordination abilities, speed, strength, speed-strength endurance. The method, when applied in experimental conditions, provides a positive shift in the functional state and professionally important physical qualities and abilities of students.

    Conclusion:

    1. Study and analysis of shooting techniques allowed us to reveal that each student should use these techniques in stressful situations. The latter is not sufficiently covered in scientific and applied literature.
    2. The hypoxic resistance can be increased by 15% in a month of hypoxic activity that increases hemoglobin content, lung capacity level and improves the blood respiration function in general, which is especially important in conditions of the pandemic.
    3. The main features of the developed method are the maximal application of sambo techniques not only on land but also in water and underwater with a parallel improvement of explosive physical abilities and hypoxic resistance in order to minimize the anaerobic mode when fighting an enemy. We have paid special attention to the interaction in extreme conditions to improve stress resistance.

    REFERENCES

    1. Zinatulin S.N. The healing energy of breathing. Recovery of the body. Moscow: Ajris-press, 2016. 256 p. (in Russ.)
    2. Zelenin L.A. Scientific, theoretical and methodological non-traditional health-improving gymnastic breathing techniques influencing a state of health. From the collection: materials of the V International Scientific and Practical Conference. Perm: Publishing house of the PNRPU, April 4-6th, 2018. pp. 401-404. (in Russ.)
    3. Panachev V.D. Relevant issues of sociomedical rehabilitation and socialization of disabled children. Relevant Issues of Sociomedical Rehabilitation: materials of the Transregional Scientific and Practical Conference with International Participation. Perm: Publishing house of the PNRPU, 2010. pp. 138-141. (in Russ.)
    4. Panachev V.D. Socialization of people with health problems. Social Well-Being of a Person in Modern Russia: Risk and Protection Factors: materials of the III Krai Student Scientific and Practical Conference. Perm: Publishing house of the PNRPU, 2011. pp. 195-197. (in Russ.)

    INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHORS:
    Valerij Dmitrievich Panachev     – Doctor of Sociological Sciences, Professor, Head of the Physical Culture Department, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..
    Leonid Aleksandrovich Zelenin – Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Physical Culture Department, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..

    For citation: Panachev V.D., Zelenin L.A. Human security of students during firearms training. Russian Journal of Sports Science: Medicine, Physiology, Training, 2022, vol. 1, no. 4. DOI: 10.51871/2782-6570_2022_01_04_8

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