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Maksimov S.V., Korovin S.S. Regularities of developing motor abilities in young athletes during sports training in aikido

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Publication date: 01.03.2023
DOI: 10.51871/2782-6570_2023_02_01_8
UDC 796.853.24

REGULARITIES OF DEVELOPING MOTOR ABILITIES IN YOUNG ATHLETES DURING SPORTS TRAINING IN AIKIDO

S.V. Maksimov, S.S. Korovin

Orenburg State Pedagogical University, Orenburg, Russia

Annotation. The purpose of this theoretical study is to present the characteristics of the patterns of developing motor abilities (MA) during sports training in aikido. The concept of “motor abilities” was clarified, understood as a set of morphofunctional and psychophysical capabilities of young athletes in relation to the optimal manifestation of motor qualities and related abilities, techniques for performing motor actions (primarily basic ones) in solving specific tasks of motor activity in aikido. The authors characterized the regularities of MA development. The main ones are the effective involvement in the practice of sports; dependence of MA development on the mode of motor activity; stage-by-stage approach and heterochrony of MA development and manifestation; uneven MA manifestation; reversibility of MA development and transfer; interdependence of motor qualities and motor actions.

Keywords: sports training, young athletes, aikido, regularities, characteristics, applied foundations of education.

Introduction. Sports, both mass sports and high performance sports, gain more and more popularity in Russia. Aikido, the rather young and progressively developing martial art,
is no exception.

In our opinion, the most significant stage in the system of long-term sports training is the initial stage, during which the fundamental prerequisites for the formation and development of athletic skill occur at subsequent stages [1-4].

The content study of the Federal State Educational Standards in sports allowed us to conclude that the priority provisions of their implementation in the practice of sports training of young athletes at the initial training stage are:

- formation and development of a set of personal qualities that define the “involvedness” in systematic sports activities;

- development of a system of motor abilities (MA), which determine the creation of the motor base for improving athletic skill [3, 5, 6, 7].

It shall be understood that the process of improving MA (in aikido as well) has two directions: development of motor qualities (MQ) and related abilities; directed training in the technique of performing motor actions (primarily basic ones).

The study’s relevance is identified according to the examined field of research – search and substantiation (description) of ways to optimize management of MA development in young aikidokas.

The purpose of the study was to present a description of regularities in the development of motor abilities during sports training in aikido. The consideration of these abilities is the main prerequisite for optimizing cognitive and training (theoretical and practical) activity of young athletes.

Methods and organization. The main methods are: study of references and best practices of sports training in aikido; analysis and synthesis; generalization and formaliza­tion; analogy and synthesis.

Results and discussion. The authors assume that the main regularities that set the order of processes for developing motor abilities of young aikidokas are as follows [3, p.124-128; 4, p.109-114; 8; 9, p. 52]:

1. Involvedness in physical activity: it is the main factor (reason) for improving MA. Application of physical exercises contributes to the achievement of a certain progress in motor training of athletes. It shall be noted that such regularity is a reflection of an activity-based approach to the arrangement and implementation of almost all educational processes [10-13], including such processes in the sports training practice.

2. Interdependence of MA development and the mode of motor activity. It means not only involvedness in motor activity, but also compliance with a certain order in the purposeful application of physical exercises to ensure positive shifts in MA indicators (training sessions with a shorter rest interval; training sessions with an optimal rest interval; training sessions during the “activity” period of the supercompensation phase) [5, 14].

3. Stage-by-stage approach to the development and manifestation of MA, where the alternating periods (stages) of growth, stabilization and reduction of MA characteristics occur (the reason for that are the same periods of formation and manifestation of adaptive mechanisms) [5, p. 16-17].

4. Uneven MA manifestation, i.e. alternation of periods of growth in MA indicators with periods of reduction. It is typical for both short and long time intervals of MA development. However, if we want to achieve greater shifts in these indicators, we need longer time intervals.

5. Heterochrony in MA manifestation is due to time discrepancies in phases of development of different organs and functions, which contribute to MA development. This is a sign of sensitive periods – time of possibilities to form properties, qualities and functions of an individual; periods of the highest possible “sensitivity” of the biosocial nature of personality to systemic pedagogical influence [4, 6, 15, 16, 17].

6. Reversibility of MA development, which means that MA will “decline” (not all of them and in unequal ratio) without the appropriate pedagogical influence. This regularity must be considered as an ability (function) of an object to return into the initial state after completing the development cycle [18]. The ability is a property of an object to reverse without losing its main properties completely.

It is important to note that there is no limit in developing motor actions, since the technique’s details and defining links are constantly edited according to the requirements of competitive practice, changes in psychophysical, motor and individual states and preferences of an athlete.

7. “Transfer” of motor abilities, i.e. an ability to apply an effect achieved in one activity (development of motor qualities, training of motor actions) to improve results of other activity [19]. Therefore, there are different types of the “transfer”: positive, where a growth of some MA is supported with a growth of other MA; negative, where some MA hinder manifestation of other. Consideration of the “transfer” order requires optimization of the sequence and the continuity of MA development and improvement processes.

8. Interdependence (interconnection) of the development of motor qualities on the training of motor actions, since motor qualities cannot manifest without motor activity and vice versa. Therefore, the training of motor actions (formation of motor abilities and skills) should be conducted with the development of the corresponding motor qualities. The purposefulness in comprehensive training and develop­ment is due to a number of specific principles that determine the interaction between the subjects, physical activity and the training process organization [4, 6, 9, 15, 20, 21, 22].

Conclusion. Motor abilities are a set of morphofunctional and psychophysical capabilities of a young athlete that determine quality and quantity of the specific motor activity in aikido, as well as its efficiency in training and competitive practice. Development of motor abilities is a dual-purpose process of the directed improvement of motor qualities and actions typical for aikido, which identify further improvement of athletic skill. The MA development of a young athlete occurs in accordance with the growth and development of their body.

The correct organization for this development contributes to improved thinking, memory, sense of independence and leadership, imagination; actively supports the formation of moral qualities, perseverance, courage and determination.

Accumulation of important motor actions and diversity of motor qualities contributes (at all stages of long-term sports training) to improved body control, movement harmony, movement beauty and expressiveness, satisfies and develops the aesthetic needs of children, which is typical for the practice of socialization, sports and competitive activities in aikido.

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INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHORS:
Sergej Vasil’evich Maksimov – Post-Graduate Student, Orenburg State Pedagogical University, Orenburg, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..
Sergej Semenovich Korovin – Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Theory and methods of sports Disciplines, Adaptive Physical Culture and Biomedical Foundations of Physical Education, Orenburg State Pedagogical University, Orenburg, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..

For citation: Maksimov S.V., Korovin S.S. Regularities of developing motor abilities in young athletes during sports training in aikido. Russian Journal of Sports Science: Medicine, Physiology, Training, 2023, vol. 2, no. 1. DOI: 10.51871/2782-6570_2023_02_01_8

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