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Publication date: 15.09.2024
DOI: 10.24412/2782-6570-2024_03_03_7
UDC 796
APPLICATION OF VARIOUS FITNESS TECHNOLOGIES IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS ACTIVITIES OF FEMALE STUDENTS OF MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
S.V. Gudimov1, S.F. Burukhin2, I.E. Pleshchev1, R.Yu. Nikolaev1
1Yaroslavl State Medical University, Yaroslavl, Russia
2Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushinsky, Yaroslavl, Russia
Abstract. Objective of the study: to evaluate the indices of physical fitness and the morphofunctional status of female students during strength fitness and body conditioning classes. To achieve this goal, this survey used anthropometric measurements, functional tests and tests to determine the speed and strength abilities of girls. In the work carried out, the indices of the morphofunctional status and physical fitness of female students during body-conditioning and strength training classes are assessed. A tendency towards an increase in body mass index and weight, the breathing test on inhale and a decrease in the heart rate recovery time after exercise in female students engaged in predominantly strength-oriented training was revealed. As a result of strength training classes during the autumn semester, female students had a higher level of speed-strength abilities, strength endurance and maximum strength in relation to the indicators of the body conditioning group.
Keywords: functional status, strength fitness, body conditioning, anthropometry, female students.
Introduction. In the current period of fitness industry development and trend for a sports lifestyle, people of different ages would like to start working out in a gym. In addition to traditional physical culture and sports, young girls and women choose new types of training, for example ABL (abdominal – buttocks – legs) and ABS (abdominal – back – spine) workout; Cycling (group cardio workout on exercise bicycles); Yoga (system of gymnastic and strength exercises for maintaining proper weight); Pilates (sets of exercises in a slow tempo for strengthening joints and muscles, posture correction, improving sleep) et al. Application of new types of training in a university significantly improves effectiveness of pedagogical influence. A number of studies demonstrated positive changes among female students in indices of different motor qualities, morphofunctional status, body composition [1-3]. Data from the specialized literature shows that, on average, shoulder girdle muscle strength is 40-70% weaker, and lower limb muscle strength is 25-30% weaker in women compared to men [4]. Physical development (PD) is considered as a set of morphological functions in close connection with physical performance of a person accompanied with age-related individual characteristics, i.e. as a
comprehensive anthropometric, biomedical and social interdisciplinary complex. Body mass, body length, body mass index (BMI) are the generally accepted parameters of PD, which in turn are supplemented by dynamometry, spirometry and ergometry, contributing to a more accurate update of experimentally obtained data for practical application in a wide range of specialist fields [5].
Objective of the study: estimate indices of physical fitness and the morphofunctional status of female students during strength fitness and body conditioning classes.
Study tasks:
1) to conduct anthropometric measurements and functional tests;
2) to assess the level of development of agility, strength endurance and maximum strength of test subjects;
3) to carry out a comparative analysis of the results obtained.
Methods and organization. The study took place in the Department of Physical Culture and Sports, Yaroslavl State Medical University during the first semester of the year 2022-2023. It included 97 1-3 year female students from different faculties. All the test subjects signed an informed consent for participation in the study. They were then divided into 2 groups: group I included students of the main department (n=82), regularly engaged in body conditioning (BC) during physical education classes in accordance with the academic curriculum without additional activity (sports clubs, national teams of the university). Group II included students of the sports department (n=15), who were engaged in strength fitness classes three times a week. Duration of classes in both groups was 1.5 academic quarters with load percentage of 80%. Classes for the group I were aimed towards a development of agility and speed-strength qualities, general physical fitness. A significant part of time (not less than 50%) of each class included running. Group II mainly used exercises for strength development (with weight resistance, dumbbells, stuffed balls, barbells, exercise machines). Cardio exercises were used mainly in the preparatory part (constituting 15-30% of the total duration).
For the comparative evaluation of speed-strength abilities of the students we used the following tests: dynamometry (back and wrist), squats, 100-meter run and push-ups. To evaluate the functional status, we measured height, weight, heart rate (HR), vital capacity of the lungs (VC) and used the respiration test on inhale and the functional test of 20 squats for 30 s (trecovery). Taking into account the data received experimentally, we calculated BMI and relative strength. The statistical data analysis was carried out in Statistica 6.1 (StatSoft, Inc., 2004). We calculated mean values (М) and standard deviation (±σ) of the set parameters. The normality of distriburion was identified with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Significance of differences was calculated by Student's T-test.
Results and discussion The analysis of the data obtained has revealed identical parameters of age, height and HR in the observed groups (table 1). At the same time, we have found
significant differences in the results of motor tests (table 2).
Table 1
Morphofunctional status of the girls (n=97), M±σ
|
Indicator |
Group I (n=82) |
Group II (n=15) |
P |
|
Age, years |
19.4±1.2 |
19.8±1.2 |
- |
|
Height, cm |
165.3±5.9 |
165.1±4.7 |
- |
|
Weight, kg |
56.4±7.9 |
60.1±10.6 |
- |
|
BMI, kg/m2, |
20.6±2.5 |
21.9±3.5 |
- |
|
HR, beats/min |
83.2±10.6 |
86.3±17.3 |
- |
|
VC, ml3 |
3727.8±536.2 |
3262.5±442.7 |
<0.005 |
|
Respiration test on inhale, s |
47.6±12.9 |
52.8±17.7 |
- |
|
trecovery, s |
91.6±33.1 |
87.3±14.4 |
- |
Note: BMI – body mass index; HR – heart rate; VC – vital capacity of the lungs
Table 2
Speed-strength and strength fitness of the girls, M±σ
|
Indicator |
Group I (n=82) |
Group II (n=15) |
P |
|
100-meter run, s |
18.6±1.6 |
16.9±1.7 |
<0.001 |
|
Squats, squats/min |
57.1±6.8 |
62.5±10.3 |
<0.01 |
|
Push-ups |
12.2±5.9 |
10.0±5.3 |
- |
|
Back strength, kg |
48.695±15.5 |
58.3±13.1 |
<0.03 |
|
Wrist strength, kg |
26.2±3.9 |
25.9±4.6 |
- |
|
Relative strength, r.u. |
0.86±0.3 |
0.97±0.2 |
- |
The comparative analysis of the morphofunctional status parameters of the test subjects revealed a tendency for increasing body mass, BMI, values of the respiration test on inhale and decreasing HR recovery time after activity in group II compared to group I. The latter corresponds with studies on the effect of different types of training (including those based on strength) on the improvement of the functional status of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems of students [11-12]. VC of girls in group I was 12.5% higher than in group II (p<0.005). Presumably, this phenomenon was associated with the external respiration activation of female students as a result of long-term adaptation after greater running activity in group I.
Conslusion:
1) As a result of strength fitness classes during the first semester, the female students engaged in strength fitness have a higher level of speed-strength abilities, strength endurance and maximum strength compared to the indices of body conditioning group. At the same time, it will be reasonable for the strength fitness group to include 5-8 exercises aimed at improving strength endurance and strengthening the shoulder girdle muscles.
2) Functional fitness and anthropometric characteristics in both groups were within the physiological norm. We have found a tendency for increasing results in the respiration test, BMI and body mass and decreasing HR recovery time after activity of students engaged in strength fitness. Additionally, we have recorded statistically higher VC in group I students.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHORS:
Stanislav V. Gudimov – Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Head. Department of Physical Culture and Sports, Yaroslavl State Medical University, Yaroslavl, e-mail:
Sergej F. Burukhin – Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Physical Culture, Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushinsky, Yaroslavl, e-mail:
Igor’ E. Pleshchev – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Physical Culture and Sports, Yaroslavl State Medical University, Yaroslavl, e-mail:
Roman Yu. Nikolaev – Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Physical Culture and Sports, Yaroslavl State Medical University, Yaroslavl, e-mail: nikolaev.r.u@yandex, ORCID: 0000-0001-5480-3229.
For citation: Gudimov S.V., Burukhin S.F., Pleshchev I.E., Nikolaev R.Yu. Application of various fitness technologies in physical education and sports activities of female students of medical university. Russian Journal of Sports Science: Medicine, Physiology, Training, 2024, vol. 3, no. 3(11). DOI: 10.24412/2782-6570-2024_03_7